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| |  Type D Personality Associated With Risk of Death in Individuals With PAD CHICAGO -- August 17, 2009 -- A preliminary study suggests that a negative, inhibited personality type (type D personality) appears to predict an increased risk of death over 4 years among patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), according to a study published in the August issue of Archives of Surgery. “Preliminary evidence suggests that personality traits such as hostility may also be associated with the severity and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with PAD,” the authors wrote. “Another potential individual risk factor in this context is the distressed personality type.” Annelies E. Aquarius, PhD, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands, and colleagues studied 184 patients (mean age, 64.8 years) with PAD. The participants completed a personality questionnaire when they enrolled in the study, between 2001 and 2004. On the questionnaire, patients rated certain statements (such as ‘I often find myself worrying about something’ or ‘I would rather keep people at a distance’) as true or false on a scale of zero to 4 to assess their negativity and social inhibition. During 4 years of follow-up, 16 patients (8.7%) died, including 7 who died of cancer and 6 of cardiovascular disease. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, and kidney disease, patients with type D personality had an increased odds of death. Several physical and behavioural pathways may link type D personality and risk of adverse health outcomes, the authors noted. The personality type has been associated with increased activation of the immune system and changes in the body’s stress response system. In addition, “inadequate self-management of chronic disease is a potential behavioral mechanism that may explain the relation between type D personality and poor prognosis in cardiovascular disease,” they wrote. “Although patients with peripheral arterial disease typically have multiple cardiovascular risk factors that put them at high risk for cardiovascular events, research shows that patients with peripheral arterial disease receive suboptimal secondary prevention,” they concluded. “In addition to improving awareness of the traditional medical risk factors in peripheral arterial disease, attention should be given to psychological factors that may have an adverse effect on the clinical course of peripheral arterial disease. The present findings show that screening for type D personality may be especially important in this context.” SOURCE: Archives of Surgery
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