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Palivizumab Prophylaxis Cuts Mortality Risk in Infants at High-Risk for RSV: Presented at PAS By Jill Stein BALTIMORE, Md -- May 6, 2009 -- Palivizumab reduces all-cause mortality and the need for hospitalisation in infants who have an increased risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, according to the results of a comprehensive literature review reported on May 5 at the 2009 Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) Annual Meeting. Paul A. Checchia, MD, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, and colleagues analysed the results of 10 studies published between January 1998 and May 2007 that compared palivizumab prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis in over 12,000 infants at high risk for RSV. The analysis included 3 randomised trials and 7 cohort studies. Meta-analyses were conducted for all-cause mortality and RSV hospitalisation rates within the same season between prophylaxed and nonprophylaxed infants. Among cohort studies, infants receiving palivizumab were more likely to have chronic lung disease or younger gestational age than infants not receiving palivizumab. Despite the increased risk in palivizumab-treated patients at baseline, 12 deaths (0.19%) occurred in 6,430 prophylaxed infants and 33 deaths (0.53%) in 6,192 nonprophylaxed infants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.55). Although the cause of death was not always reported, deaths reported that resulted from RSV infection were rare, occurring in 3 prophylaxed and 2 nonprophylaxed patients. Results for RSV hospitalisation were statistically significant in favour of palivizumab prophylaxis across all groups (4.1% in prophylaxed infants vs 10.4% in nonprophylaxed infants). Dr. Checchia emphasised that the results should be interpreted with caution given that the analysis included only 3 randomised controlled trials, mortality was not a study endpoint, and that the findings were based on few studies. Funding for the study was provided by MedImmune, LLC. [Presentation title: Reduction in Mortality Among High-Risk Preterm Infants Receiving Palivizumab Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Abstract 5524.431 E-mail this page to a friend or colleague! To print, use this version