Infants Born 1 to 3 Weeks Early at Risk of Developmental Delay
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Infants Born 1 to 3 Weeks Early at Risk of Developmental Delay

NEW YORK -- March 30, 2009 -- Children born at 34 to 36 weeks' gestation have a higher risk of developmental delay or disability through the first 5 years of life compared with healthy term infants born at 37 to 41 weeks' gestation, according to a study published in the April issue of the journal Pediatrics.

Until recently, infants born 1 to 3 weeks early have received little attention because of assumptions that they had little risk of long-term problems.

However, this study suggests that those last weeks in the womb are associated with the child's future development and success in school.

Steven Benjamin Morse, MD, Departments of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, and colleagues compared prekindergarten and kindergarten outcomes among healthy late preterm infants and healthy term infants born in Florida between January 1, 1996 and August 31, 1997.

Risk for developmental delay or disability was 36% higher among late preterm infants compared with term infants. Risk for suspension in kindergarten was 19% higher for late preterm infants.

Disability in prekindergarten at age 3 and 4 years, exceptional student education, and retention in kindergarten, all carried a 10% to 13% increased risk among late preterm infants.

The authors suggest obstetricians should consider the risk for developmental delay when weighing the risks and benefits of late preterm delivery.

These children need close developmental follow-up, and parents and physicians should be aware of the risks for school underachievement and behavioral problems so they can get prompt referrals to early intervention services if needed, they said.

SOURCE: American Academy of Pediatrics

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